厌氧氨氧化细菌多途径代谢的分子机理及其对细菌生长的调控机制

The anaerobic ammonium oxidization is a novel wastewater treatment technology with its advantages of high performance,efficient energy saving and environment friendly. However, The application of anaerobic ammonium oxidization (anammox) process for wastewater treatment is limited by the slow growth rate of anammox bacteria. Actually, the different metabolism routes of bacteria produced different energy and reduced force for theirs growth. Based on the owned phenomenon about the coinstantaneous conversion of ammonium and nitirte at autotropgic conditions and conversion of nitrate and COD at heterotrophic conditions by some anammox bacteria, this project aims to increase the anammox bacteria growth by couping this two routes to obtain the maximum metabolism energy. This project will investigate the mechanism of the coupling metabolism routes by stable isotope labeling, metagenomic and macrotranscriptome technology. Both of the detailed route of organic compound assimilation and the interaction of organic compound oxidization and anammox route will be revealed, as well as the involed material metabolism and energy metabolism in these reactions will be expounded. In addition, the optimal bacteria cultivation conditions for the increased anammox bacteria growth rate will be determined. This study would do great efforts to sovle the key problems of anammox technology and accelerate the application of anammox technology for the wastewater treatment.

厌氧氨氧化是新一代污水处理技术，其高效、节能且环境友好，厌氧氨氧化细菌生长速率缓慢是此技术应用的制约因素之一。不同代谢模式通过启动胞内不同的代谢通路获取能量用于细菌新陈代谢，细菌生长速率也会有所不同。本研究针对某些种类厌氧氨氧化细菌能在自养氧化氨氮的同时还能转化小分子有机物和硝酸氮的多样化代谢途径，提出实现不同代谢通路的最佳耦合以最大程度提供能量和还原力供给细胞增长，提高厌氧氨氧化细菌生长速率。同时结合同位素示踪分析代谢产物与宏基因组、转录组、cDNA微阵列（基因芯片）技术分析差异基因代谢通路，将基因表达水平和代谢产物水平的研究有机结合，揭示不同生长状态下细菌的关键代谢通路，以此阐明代谢模式对细菌生长的调控机制。研究结果将有助于解决厌氧氨氧化菌生长速率问题，对推进节能减排厌氧氨氧化新一代污水处理技术的研究和应用具有重要学术价值和研究意义。

厌氧氨氧化技术高效、节能且环境友好，成本仅为传统生物脱氮技术1/10。尽管在欧洲越来越多的中试和生产规模厌氧氨氧化反应器相继建成，其国内大规模工程应用仍有待强力推进。厌氧氨氧化特种菌种生长速率缓慢带来的菌源缺乏和难于培养是限制该技术广泛工程化应用的重要制约因素。项目执行以来，按照科研任务书中的任务设定，探究厌氧氨氧化细菌Ca. Brocadia fulgida与异养菌的竞争、厌氧氨氧化细菌活性和增殖的变化，得出自养、异养和兼养三种模式下达到最高厌氧氨氧化细菌活性和增殖的底物形式。通过长期反应器实验研究不同代谢模式对厌氧氨氧化细菌活性、增殖、菌群聚集状态以及厌氧氨氧化菌的胞内特征组分细胞色素c和阶梯烷脂质的影响，测定反应器性能，通过生化反应动力学研究不同代谢模式下污染物去除速率，阐释代谢模式对厌氧氨氧化细胞特性和生化行为影响。本项目基本按照计划书的既定研究内容以及要求执行，解决了关键技术难点。项目执行期间共发表SCI论文11篇，含在环境领域顶级期刊Environmental Science and Technology和Water research发表的文章8篇，申请了发明专利1项，培养研究生5名，完成了项目初期所设定的研究任务。